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1450\u5e74\uff0c\u5f53\u7ea6\u7ff0\u5185\u65af\u00b7\u8c37\u767b\u5821\uff08Johann Gutenberg\uff09\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u5370\u5237\u673a\u6295\u5165\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e66\u7c4d\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u590d\u5236\u6765\u5230\u6b27\u6d32\u3002[7]\u5370\u5237\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ca\u653f\u6cbb\u538b\u529b\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u6b27\u6d32\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u5784\u65ad\u4fe1\u606f\u5e02\u573a\u7ed3\u6784\u9010\u6e10\u5d29\u6e83\u3002[8]\u53d1\u884c\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4f5c\u54c1\u4f9b\u5e94\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u63a8\u52a8\u8bc6\u5b57\u7387\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u5bf9\u5370\u5237\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u9988\u5faa\u73af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u82f1\u56fd\u8bae\u4f1a\u4e8e1709\u5e74\u9881\u5e03\u4e86\u300a\u5b89\u59ae\u6cd5\u4ee4\u300b\uff08Statute of Anne\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u73b0\u4ee3\u7248\u6743\u6cd5\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u548c\u6cd5\u9662\u76d1\u7ba1\u7684\u7248\u6743\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c06\u539f\u672c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u51fa\u7248\u5546\u7684\u79c1\u6cd5\u7248\u6743\u8f6c\u53d8\u4e3a\u516c\u6cd5\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u6743\u5229\uff0c\u5e73\u606f\u516c\u4f17\u5bf9\u79c1\u4eba\u56e2\u4f53\uff08\u4e66\u5546\u516c\u4f1a\uff09\u6ee5\u7528\u5784\u65ad\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u5f3a\u70c8\u6297\u8bae\u3002[9]\u8be5\u6cd5\u4ee4\u8d4b\u4e88\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u6709\u9650\u65f6\u95f4\u5185\u5bf9\u5176\u4f5c\u54c1\u7684\u4e13\u6709\u6743\uff0c\u5e76\u9996\u6b21\u627f\u8ba4\u4f5c\u8005\u662f\u7248\u6743\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u53d7\u76ca\u8005\u3002\u56fe\u4e66\u7684\u4ef7\u683c\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u4e8e\u523018\u4e16\u7eaa\u672b\uff0c\u65b0\u5174\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u5370\u5237\u4e1a\u65e0\u6cd5\u5728\u4ef7\u683c\u4e0a\u7ade\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1783\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5236\u5baa\u4f1a\u8bae\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u201c\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u6bd4\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u66f4\u80fd\u771f\u6b63\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u6587\u5b66\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u548c\u4fdd\u969c\u5c06\u6781\u5927\u5730\u9f13\u52b1\u5929\u624d\uff0c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5e76\u63a8\u52a8\u827a\u672f\u548c\u5546\u4e1a\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u201d[10]\u5728\u300a\u8054\u90a6\u515a\u4eba\u6587\u96c6\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u9ea6\u8fea\u900a\uff08James Madison\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u8054\u90a6\u7248\u6743\u8ba1\u5212\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u9f13\u52b1\u77e5\u8bc6\u4f20\u64ad\u7684\u516c\u5171\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u79c1\u6709\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002[11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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